Which ONE of the following options about the typical features of the vertebrae is MOST CORRECT?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let's examine each statement about typical vertebral features one by one to see how well it aligns with standard anatomy.

Option a: 'Typical lumbar vertebrae have a large, triangular-shaped body.' In reality, lumbar vertebrae do have large, sturdy bodies, but their shape is more kidney- or wedge-shaped rather than triangular. Describing the body as triangular is not accurate for the typical lumbar vertebra, so this option is misleading.

Option b: 'Typical thoracic vertebrae have one costal facet on each (right and left) side of their body.' Thoracic vertebrae do articulate with ribs via costal facets, but the arrangement is more complex: they typically have superior costal facets and adjacent inferior demi-facets on the body, enabling articulation with the heads of two ribs. Saying there is one costal facet on each side oversimplifies and does not accurately describe the standard pattern, making this statement incorrect.

Option c: 'Bodies of typical cervical vertebrae have uncinate processes.' This is a true and specific feature of the cervical region. The uncinate processes are hook-like projections on the superolateral rims of the bodies of cervical vertebrae (especially C3–C6), forming uncovertebral joints and contributing to segmental stability and guiding motion. This option accurately describes a typical cervical vertebral feature.

Option d: 'Typical thoracic vertebrae have a bifid spinous processes.' Bifid, or split, spinous processes are characteristic of many cervical vertebrae (notably C2–C6 in some individuals), whereas thoracic vertebrae generally have long, slender, downward-projecting spinous processes. This statement incorrectly attributes a cervical feature to the thoracic region.

Option e: 'Typical cervical vertebrae have a small, round-shaped vertebral foramina.' In fact, cervical vertebral foramina are typically large and triangular in shape to accommodate the high density of spinal cord innervation, not small and round. Describing them as small and round misstates their usual anatomy.

Putting these together, option c accurately describes a true feature of typical cervical vertebrae, while the other options contain factual inaccuracies or mismatches to the vertebral region described. The reasoning above highlights why each incorrect option does not fit established anatomical patterns, and explains how option c aligns with standard cervical anatomy.

Which ONE of the following options about the typical features of the vertebrae is MOST CORRECT?

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