Damage to the branches of the _____________ nerve can interfere with production of sound in the larynx.

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The question asks about which nerve’s branch, when damaged, can interfere with sound production in the larynx.
Option 1: Abducens. This nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye and has no role in laryngeal or vocal cord function, so it would not affect phonation.
Option 2: Vagus. The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) provides motor innervation to the larynx via its branches, including the recurrent laryngeal nerves, which control most intrinsic muscles of the vocal cords and contribute to pitch and voice quality. Damage to branches of the vagus can impair sound production.
Option 3: Facial. The facial nerve primarily innervates muscles of facial expression and some stapedius function; it does not innervate laryngeal muscles, so laryngeal sound production would be unaffected by its damage.
Option 4: Trigeminal. The trigeminal nerve is mainly involved in sensation of the face and motor functions like mastication; it does not govern laryngeal muscles or phonation.
Option 5: Glossopharyngeal. The glossopharyngeal nerve plays roles in taste and swallowing and some pharyngeal sensation, but it does not provide motor input to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles responsible for sound production.
In summary, phonation is driven by the laryngeal muscles controlled by the vagus nerve through its laryngeal branches; therefore, damage to branches of the vagus can interfere with voice, whereas the other listed nerves do not control the intrinsic laryngeal musculature relevant to sound production.

BIOLOGY 211-B09C HW #13: Cranial Nerves

Damage to the branches of the _____________ nerve can interfere with production of sound in the larynx.

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