Criticism of South Africa's post-apartheid government contends that the new government has not extended liberties to its black majority population, but has instead concentrated on proving to a white minority that a black-run administration can govern a reasonably sophisticated economy and society. The belief that the new South African government is behaving unethically is an expression of the philosophy associated with:

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The question asks us to identify the philosophical lens through which a critique of the post-apartheid government's ethics is being expressed.
Option: utilitarianism. 
To analyze, recall that utilitarianism evaluates actions by their consequences with the aim of maximizing overall happiness or welfare for the greatest number. In the given scenario, critics argue that the new government is not extending liberties to the black majority and is instead signaling to a white minority that it can govern a sophisticated economy and society. From a utilitarian viewpoint, such a stance would be criticized if it leads to greater overall harm or reduced welfare for the majority (the black population) even if some benefits are perceived by the minority or by the stability of the economy.
If a policy or government behavior systematically disadvantages a large group, a utilitarian analysis would focus on whether the total increase in happiness (or reduction in suffering) justifies the policy. The claim that the government is acting unethically, in this case, aligns with a utilitarian critique because it emphasizes negative consequences for a substantial portion of the population rather than moral duties, rights, or legal rules alone.
However, since the options provided are limited (only utilitarianism is given), we cannot evaluate other philosophical frameworks (like deontology, virtue ethics, or social contract theories) in this analysis. The claim of unethical behavior is being framed here through a lens that prioritizes outcomes and overall welfare, which is characteristic of utilitarian reasoning.
In summary, the reasoning behind labeling the government's behavior unethical rests on assessing the consequences for overall welfare, a core feature of utilitarian thought, even though the scenario could also be examined through other ethical theories if more options were available.

BUS-10-38944 Exam #1 (Chapters 1-3, 17)

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