How do asphalt and concrete contribute to urban center's temperature being higher than other adjacent areas?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The provided data shows that the question has no answer options listed, which makes it impossible to compare and contrast all choices. Nevertheless, we can still reason about the core concept.

When considering why asphalt and concrete contribute to higher urban center temperatures, the prevailing mechanism is related to solar radiation absorption and heat retention. Surfaces like asphalt and concrete tend to have relatively low albedo, meaning they absorb a large fraction of the sun’s energy rather than reflecting it. This absorbed energy increases the surface temperature, causing the pavement to feel hotter during sunny periods.

Once the sun goes down, these materials release the stored heat more slowly than surrounding vegetation or water features. This heat storage and gradual release keep urban areas warmer than nearby rural areas, creating the urban heat island effect. The dense concentration of dark, heat-absorbing surfaces, coupled with limited shade and reduced vegetation, compounds this warming.

Optionally, in a hypothetical list of choices, you would typically see items such as:
- Absorbing the sun’s energy (which raises surface temperature via higher solar absorption and lower reflectivity)
- Reflecting most sunlight (which would actually reduce heating, not increase it)
- Conducting heat away rapidly (which would cool surfaces, not warm them)
- Emitting heat without absorbing solar energy (which is not the primary driver of daytime heating)

If we were to evaluate the given correct statement in isolation, the idea that asphalt and concrete contribute to higher temperatures because they absorb the sun’s energy is consistent with the physics of albedo, heat capacity, and thermal inertia. In practice, the urban heat island is driven by a combination of low reflectivity, heat storage in building materials, reduced evapotranspiration due to less vegetation, and the trapping effect of dense urban form.

In terms of mitigation concepts, recognizing the absorb-and-store dynamic suggests approaches such as increasing surface albedo with light-colored or reflective coatings, using lighter paving materials, adding vegetation or green spaces to increase evapotranspiration, and incorporating permeable pavements to enhance cooling through water infiltration and evaporation.

How do asphalt and concrete contribute to urban center's temperature being higher than other adjacent areas?

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