Unemployment is a situation in which

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Question: Unemployment is a situation in which

Option a: 'there are people in an economy who have given up searching for a job.' This describes discouraged workers who have stopped looking for work; they are not counted as unemployed because unemployment measures those who are actively seeking work. Thus this option misdefines unemployment.

Option b: 'there are people in an economy who are willing and able to work, but do not have a job.' This aligns with the standard definition of unemployment: individuals who want to work, are able to work, and are actively seeking employment, yet are not currently employed. It captures both the desire and the active search component that the unemployment statistic relies on.

Option c: 'the proportion of people not in the labour force increases from one year to the next.' This describes a change in the labor force participation rate or the size of those outside the labor force, not unemployment itself. It does not define unemployment, which specifically concerns those who are willing and able to work but are not employed.

Option d: 'there are too many people in the economy who are unable to work due to disability or to their status as a carer for a child or elderly parent.' This statement conflates unemployment with incapacity or caregiving responsibilities. While such factors can influence employment status, unemployment as a metric excludes those not actively seeking work due to disability or caregiving; it is not the definitional criterion.

In summary, option b correctly captures the standard definition of unemployment, while options a, c, and d describe related concepts or mischaracterizations that do not define unemployment.

Unemployment is a situation in which

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