Which of the following is NOT typically included in a UML class diagram?

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The question asks which item is NOT typically included in a UML class diagram.

First, we should recall what a UML class diagram is designed to capture: the blueprint of the system in terms of classes, their attributes, operations (methods), and the relationships between classes such as associations, aggregations, compositions, and generalizations. This establishes the structure that governs how objects will interact.

Next, consider the likely options that could appear in such a question. Typical elements you'd expect in a class diagram include:
- Classes with their names, attributes, and operations
- Visibility markers (public, private, protected) for attributes and operations
- Relationships like associations, generalizations (inheritance), dependencies, and realizations
- Multiplicity and role names on associations

Now evaluate the statement that is NOT typically included: object instances. In UML, object instances are concrete realizations of a class and are usually depicted in an Object Diagram, not in a Class Diagram. An Object Diagram shows objects (instances), their state, and links between objects at a point in time. Since a Class Diagram focuses on the abstract design of the system (classes, not instances), including object instances would blur the abstraction level and is thus not typical for Class Diagrams.

If we were to compare alternative plausible options (for example, attributes or operations versus object instances), the former clearly belong in class diagrams, while object instances do not. Misconceptions might include thinking that instances are shown as part of a class’s internal state, but that would still be a representation of the class, not the actual runtime objects; it would be more appropriate in an object-oriented design view or an Object Diagram.

In summary, object instances are associated with Object Diagrams rather than Class Diagrams, which is why they are not typically included in a UML class diagram. The rest of the common class diagram elements—classes themselves, their attributes, operations, and the relationships between classes—are standard features you would expect to find there.

FIT1051_S1_2025 Week 6 Pre-reading Quiz

Which of the following is NOT typically included in a UML class diagram?

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