Which of the following is charactristic of type-2 diabetes?

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Question restated: Which of the following is characteristic of type-2 diabetes?

Option a: 'Cell response to insulin is diminished' This describes insulin resistance, where body cells respond less effectively to insulin. In type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance is a central feature, often accompanied by progressive beta-cell dysfunction. The statement aligns with the core pathophysiology of type-2 diabetes.

Option b: 'Inability of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin' This is more characteristic of many cases of type-1 diabetes or late-stage type-2 with severe beta-cell burnout, but it is not the defining feature of classic type-2 diabetes. Early type-2 is defined by insulin resistance rather than complete beta-cell inability to produce insulin.

Option c: 'Non-preventable/reversible' In many individuals, type-2 diabetes can be prevented or put into remission with lifestyle changes (weight loss, exercise) and appropriate treatment. Therefore, describing it as non-preventable or irreversible is inaccurate.

Option d: 'Typically early-onset' Type-2 diabetes is commonly associated with adult-onset (though increasing in youth due to obesity) and typically presents later rather than early in life. Describing it as typically early-onset would be misleading.

Option e: 'Dependent on insulin administration' While some people with type-2 diabetes eventually require insulin, many manage with oral agents, lifestyle changes, and non-insulin therapies initially. Being dependent on insulin is not a defining universal characteristic of type-2 diabetes.

In summary, option a accurately reflects the hallmark of type-2 diabetes (insulin resistance with diminished cellular response to insulin), whereas the others describe aspects that are not universal or are less characteristic of the typical type-2 presentation.

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Which of the following is charactristic of type-2 diabetes?

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