What is the predominant cause of type 1 diabetes?

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Let's examine the question: What is the predominant cause of type 1 diabetes? 
Option 1: 'The lack of effect of insulin on the liver.' This describes a secondary consequence or misinterpretation of insulin action, but it does not explain the primary cause of type 1 diabetes, which is autoimmune origin, not a simple lack of insulin effect on the liver.
Option 2: 'Obesity and lifestyle.' While obesity and lifestyle are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes, they are not the predominant drivers of type 1 diabetes, which is autoimmune rather than lifestyle-related.
Option 3: 'Blood glucose is too high, causing damage to the pancreas.' This describes a consequence of diabetes (hyperglycemia) rather than the etiologic cause of type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune process targeting pancreatic beta cells.
Option 4: 'A specific makeup of the components of the MHC system causing autoimmune destruction of the beta cells.' This reflects the well-established autoimmune etiology of type 1 diabetes, where certain HLA/MHC genotypes predispose individuals to immune-mediated attack on insulin-producing beta cells, leading to loss of insulin production.
In summary, the key idea is that type 1 diabetes arises from an autoimmune process tied to genetic predisposition in the MHC region, causing destruction of beta cells. The other options misidentify cause or describe consequences rather than root etiology.

OLET1504 2025 Causes of Diabetes: Knowledge Review

What is the predominant cause of type 1 diabetes?

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