Traits that have similar concordance values in both monozygotic and dizygotic twins are best-explained by

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The question asks about what best explains traits that show similar concordance values in both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.

Option 1: "none of these answers are correct." This would be a reasonable choice only if all the other statements were clearly true, which they are not given the typical interpretation of twin concordance data.

Option 2: "similar environmental factors." When MZ twins and DZ twins show similar concordance rates for a trait, it suggests that shared or common environmental factors play a substantial role, because genetic similarity (MZ twins share nearly all their genes, DZ twins share about 50%) would typically produce higher concordance in MZ twins if genetics were the primary driver. If environment shapes the trait similarly across both twin types, concordance can end up similar.

Option 3: "similar genetic factors." If genetics were the dominant explanation, we would expect MZ twins to have notably higher concordance than DZ twins due to near-identical genetic makeups. Similar concordance across MZ and DZ argues against genetics being the sole driver, so this option is not supported.

Option 4: "Concordance values are always higher for monozygotic twins." This statement is too absolute and incorrect. While MZ twins often show higher concordance for genetically influenced traits, it is not universal for all traits or perfect in all studies, and the question hinges on the comparative pattern observed. Therefore this is not a correct generalization.

In summary, the pattern of similar concordance across MZ and DZ twins points toward environmental factors—shared environments—as a plausible explanation, rather than a purely genetic explanation or an absolute rule about higher concordance in MZ twins.

BIOL_2004_81774_202509 Homework 2

Traits that have similar concordance values in both monozygotic and dizygotic twins are best-explained by

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