What is the name of the process that sends water back to the leaves through the xylem?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let’s break down what each term means in plant physiology and how it relates to water movement in the xylem.
Option a: Precipitation. This term refers to rain or the deposition of water from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. It has nothing to do with the internal movement of water through a plant’s vascular system, so this choice mislabels the process involved in water transport within xylem.
Option b: Polymerization. This is a chemical process where monomers join to form polymers, such as forming DNA or proteins. It is unrelated to water transport in plants and does not describe how water moves through the xylem.
Option c: Transpiration. This is the plant process of water loss from aerial parts (mainly the leaves) through stomata, which creates a negative pressure (tension) that pulls water upward through the xylem from the roots to the leaves. It is the key driver of the transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism that moves water against gravity.
Option d: Evaporation. While evaporation occurs at the leaf surface as water turns into vapor, transpiration specifically describes the combined process of water loss and the resulting pull that drives upward water movement through the xylem. Evaporation alone does not account for the continuous ascent of water through the plant’s vascular tissue.
In summary, only transpiration describes the physiological process that generates the pull via water loss from leaves, enabling the upward movement of water through the xylem toward the leaves.

What is the name of the process that sends water back to the leaves through the xylem?

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