What is the process of transcription?

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Question: What is the process of transcription?

Option 1: 'Synthesis of a DNA molecule from an RNA molecule' — This describes transcription in the reverse direction and is not how transcription works; it would imply RNA serving as a template to make DNA, which corresponds to reverse transcription, not transcription. Therefore this option is incorrect.

Option 2: 'Synthesis of a protein from an RNA molecule' — This describes translation, where ribosomes interpret an RNA sequence to assemble a polypeptide; transcription is an earlier step that creates the RNA template. Thus this option is incorrect.

Option 3: 'Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a protein' — Proteins are not used as templates to synthesize RNA in standard cellular processes; this option misstates the direction and the molecules involved, making it inaccurate. Therefore this option is incorrect.

Option 4: 'Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA molecule' — This matches the textbook definition of transcription: the process by which RNA polymerase reads a DNA template and constructs a complementary RNA transcript. The directionality (DNA to RNA) and the type of product (RNA) align with canonical transcription. Therefore this option is correct.

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What is the process of transcription?

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