Which of the following statements is/are true?

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Question context: We are evaluating statements labeled b and d from a set of true/false style items about thermodynamics.
Option b: 'The direction of the process can be predicted by the second law of thermodynamics.' The second law indeed provides a criterion for the direction of spontaneous processes, typically framed as entropy never decreases for an isolated system and as the impossibility of certain transfers without compensation. This means we can often predict the arrow of time for a process by considering entropy production and relative temperature relations, so the statement aligns with fundamental thermodynamic principles.
Option d: 'It is impossible to construct a cycle process that produce no effect except heat transfer from cold reservoir to hot reservoir.' This is essentially a restatement of the impossibility of a perpetual, self-contained cycle that moves heat from cold to hot without any other effect. In classical thermodynamics, a single-cycle device that accomplishes this with no work input or other changes would violate the second law (you would need external work to pump heat uphill). Therefore, as stated, the claim is correct because such a cycle cannot exist without an additional effect (like work input) accompanying the heat transfer.
Note on interpretation: The two options touch on related aspects of the second law—directionality of processes and the limits on cycles that move heat against the natural gradient. A key nuance is that devices like refrigerators or heat pumps can move heat from cold to hot, but only with an external energy input; the phrase specifies a cycle with no other effects, which is ruled out by the second law.
If there were any ambiguity about wording, one would examine whether the statement allows for external work to be considered an ‘effect’; in typical thermodynamics framing, a cycle that transfers heat from cold to hot must involve work or other changes, thus reinforcing the impossibility asserted in option d.

BH20A0720 Engineering Thermodynamics - Blended teaching 2.9.2024-15.12.2024 Quiz 5

Which of the following statements is/are true?

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