Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a concept related to Theory of Mind?

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Question restatement: Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a concept related to Theory of Mind?

Answer options:
1) Jack, a 7-year-old, knows that the way a person feels can affect how they behave, and he can predict how someone will act based on their emotions.
2) Lily, a 5-year-old, understands that if her friend is looking for a toy in one room, the friend will not know where the toy is if it has been moved to another room.
3) Max, a 6-year-old, believes that a toy car is alive and can drive itself around the room.
4) Oliver, a 4-year-old, believes that because his toy is hidden under a blanket, it no longer exists.

Analysis of each option:
Option 1: This describes recognizing that emotions influence behavior and predicting actions from emotional states. While this involves social cognition, it emphasizes affect and behavior prediction from emotions, which is related to social understanding but does not fully capture the core of Theory of Mind, which is understanding others’ beliefs, knowledge, and perspectives that may differ from one’s own. Therefore, this option partially touches on social cognition but is not the clearest demonstration of Theory of Mind.

Option 2: This scenario shows Lily recognizing that another person can have a false belief about the location of the toy. She understands that her friend will look for the toy where it used to be, not where it actually is now. This directly illustrates Theory of Mind: the ability to attribute mental states—such as beliefs—that can differ from reality and from one’s own knowledge. This is the hallmark example often used to assess Theory of Mind in children.

Option 3: Max believes the toy car is alive and can drive itself. This represents animism or magical thinking, not Theory of Mind. It reflects a belief about the external world rather than an understanding of another person’s mental state or perspective.

Option 4: Oliver believes that a hidden toy under a blanket no longer exists. This shows object permanence issues or a belief about existence based on perceptual access, not an understanding of others’ minds. It does not involve attributing mental states to others.

Putting it together: Among the options, Option 2 most clearly demonstrates Theory of Mind because it requires understanding that another person can hold a belief different from reality and from what the learner knows. The other options illustrate related social or cognitive concepts (emotional influence on behavior, animism, and object permanence) but do not exemplify attributing distinct mental states to another agent. The reasoning reflects standard interpretations of Theory of Mind development in early childhood, where understanding false beliefs is a key milestone.

2025/26/1 PSYB19-103 1 - Introduction to Psychology 2025. 12. 16. Quiz

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a concept related to Theory of Mind?

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