Children whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy often have a specific set of facial features, may have heart defects, and brain damage. Children whose mothers took thalidomide for morning sickness may have malformed limbs. These examples illustrate

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question presents two classic examples: facial features associated with maternal alcohol use and limb malformations associated with thalidomide, highlighting that different teratogens produce distinct patterns of effects.
Option 1: 'the effect of the type of teratogen on prenatal development.' This correctly captures the core idea that specific teratogens (e.g., alcohol, thalidomide) cause characteristic malformations or deficits, illustrating a type-specific impact on development.
Option 2: 'how differences in genetics and metabolism determine the effect of teratogens on prenatal development.' While genetics and metabolism can influence susceptibility, the prompt centers on the observable patterns produced by different teratogens themselves, not primarily on individual genetic variation.
Option 3: 'how teratogens only negatively influence prenatal development during the period of the embryo.' This is inaccurate because teratogenic effects can occur at various stages of prenatal development, including later fetal periods, and are not limited to the embryonic stage.
Option 4: 'the effect of the timing of teratogens on prenatal development.' Timing is important in teratology, but the examples given emphasize the type of teratogen producing specific outcomes, not solely the timing. Therefore, this option is not the best fit for what these examples illustrate.

Children whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy often have a specific set of facial features, may have heart defects, and brain damage. Children whose mothers took thalidomide for morning sickness may have malformed limbs. These examples illustrate

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