During exercise, such as running, increased
Blank
______ nervous system activity to the kidneys leads to
Blank
______.

Question

During exercise, such as running, increased 
Blank
______ nervous system activity to the kidneys leads to 
Blank
______.

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When assessing which autonomic branch mediates renal changes during exercise, we must recall the normal autonomic responses to physical activity.
Option 1: 'sympathetic; vasoconstriction' correctly matches the well-established pattern where sympathetic activity increases to the kidneys, causing renal vasoconstriction. This constriction reduces renal blood flow and helps redirect blood toward skeletal muscles and the heart to support heightened activity, which aligns with exercise physiology.
Option 2: 'parasympathetic; vasodilation' would imply a relaxation of sympathetic influence and a widening of renal vessels, which is inconsistent with the body’s goal during exercise of prioritizing muscle perfusion over the kidneys. Parasympathetic activation in this context is minimal and not responsible for such vascular changes.
Option 3: 'parasympathetic; vasoconstriction' combines two elements that are not typically paired in renal responses during exercise. The parasympathetic system does not drive vasoconstriction in the kidneys in the context of exercise; this option misattributes the control of renal tone.
Option 4: 'sympathetic; vasodilation' would suggest that sympathetic signaling causes widening of renal arteries, which contradicts the standard response during acute exercise where sympathetic drive promotes vasoconstriction to preserve systemic perfusion to essential organs and musculature. This option reverses the expected effect on the renal vasculature.
In summary, the correct combination is sympathetic nervous system activity to the kidneys producing vasoconstriction, which fits the physiological strategy of prioritizing blood flow to active muscles during exercise, while reducing renal blood flow temporarily.

During exercise, such as running, increased Blank nervous system activity to the kidneys leads to Blank .

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During exercise, such as running, increased Blank ______ nervous system activity to the kidneys leads to Blank ______.