What muscle is deep to the mylohyoid and protracts and elevates the hyoid?

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The question asks: What muscle is deep to the mylohyoid and protracts and elevates the hyoid?

First, recall the floor of the mouth anatomy: the mylohyoid forms the floor, and deep to it lies the geniohyoid muscle, which runs from the inferior mental spine (genial tubercle) of the mandible to the hyoid bone.

Now evaluate the functions: the geniohyoid pulls the hyoid anterosuperiorly (protracts the hyoid) and assists in elevating the hyoid during swallowing. This matches the action described in the question.

It is also important to distinguish this from other nearby muscles: the mylohyoid itself forms the floor and is superficial to the geniohyoid, not deep to it; the digastric (anterior belly) helps open the jaw and can elevate the hyoid but is not characteristically described as deep to the mylohyoid nor primarily protracting the hyoid in the same way. The hyoglossus, stylopharyngeus, and thyrohyoid have different primary actions and positions relative to the hyoid and mandible.

Given the description—deep to the mylohyoid and capable of protracting and elevating the hyoid—the muscle that best fits is the geniohyoid. Its location directly beneath the mandible’s inner surface at the genial tubercles accounts for its depth relative to the mylohyoid, and its action appropriately includes protraction and elevation of the hyoid to facilitate swallowing and tongue movements.

If there were alternative options, you would compare their depth to the mylohyoid and their primary actions on the hyoid: a) a muscle superficial to the mylohyoid would be unlikely to be described as deep to it; b) a muscle whose main action is depressing the mandible or elevating the larynx would not match the protraction/elevation of the hyoid described; c) a muscle with a different insertion or origin that does not influence hyoid movement would not fit the stated function.

In summary, the muscle that is deep to the mylohyoid and protracts and elevates the hyoid is the geniohyoid.

BIOLOGY 211-B09C HW #9: Axial and Pectoral Girdle Muscles

What muscle is deep to the mylohyoid and protracts and elevates the hyoid?

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