The ability of firms to enter and exit a market over time means that, in the long run,

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When considering how firms' ability to enter and exit a market over time affects long-run supply, we need to analyze what changes in response to price signals across different time horizons.
Option 1: 'the demand curve is more elastic.' While demand elasticity can change due to various factors (income effects, substitutes, preferences), the specific mechanism of firms entering or exiting affects the market's ability to adjust supply, not the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price directly. Therefore this statement misattributes the effect to demand.
Option 2: 'the demand curve is less elastic.' This claim is generally inconsistent with the long-run dynamics of demand, which can become more elastic as consumers find more substitutes or alternatives over time. It also ignores the primary channel—entry and exit—through which long-run supply adjusts, making this option unlikely.
Option 3: 'the supply curve is more elastic.' This is the core implication of free entry and exit: if firms can enter when profits are positive and exit when profits are negative, total supply can adjust more readily to price changes in the long run, making the supply curve flatter (more elastic). This aligns with standard economic theory on long-run market adjustments.
Option 4: 'the supply curve is less elastic.' A restriction on entry or exit would typically reduce flexibility and make supply less responsive to price changes; however, the premise states the ability to enter and exit over time, which works opposite to this, reducing the likelihood of a less elastic supply in the long run.
In sum, the long-run entry and exit mechanism enhances firms' ability to adjust quantities in response to price changes, which makes the long-run supply curve more elastic, while the other options misattribute the effect to demand or suggest an opposite elasticity outcome.

ECON 100 001/002/003/004 Elasticity

The ability of firms to enter and exit a market over time means that, in the long run,

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