Question at position 25 Life satisfaction has been found to be _______ in underdeveloped economic nations likely because __________________________.low; citizens cannot get sufficient material resourceshigh; the culture tends to be more collectivistic and supportivelow; the culture tends to be more collectivistic and supportivehigh; only the poor can be truly happy

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Here is the multiple-choice item restated: Life satisfaction has been found to be _______ in underdeveloped economic nations likely because __________________________.

Option 1: 'low; citizens cannot get sufficient material resources' 
- This interpretation aligns with the common finding that life satisfaction tends to be lower in economies with scarce material resources, since basic needs and living standards are not reliably met, which weighs on overall well-being. The causal link suggested here is that insufficient material resources constrain people's ability to meet basic needs, reducing perceived life satisfaction.

Option 2: 'high; the culture tends to be more collectivistic and supportive' 
- While collectivistic and supportive cultures can provide social buffers, the statement claims a high life satisfaction level in underdeveloped nations due to culture alone. Empirical patterns often show material scarcity and limited resources undermining satisfaction, and culture alone typically does not fully offset the impact of material deprivation. This makes the option less consistent with the common findings in underdeveloped economies.

Option 3: 'low; the culture tends to be more collectivistic and supportive' 
- This combines a low life satisfaction with a collectivistic culture as the cause. Although collectivism can influence social ties and well-being, attributing low life satisfaction primarily to collectivism misses the key mechanism highlighted in many studies: insufficient material resources. If material constraints are the dominant driver, the cultural aspect is not the central causal factor here, making this option less accurate.

Option 4: 'high; only the poor can be truly happy' 
- This option asserts a high overall life satisfaction and adds a controversial claim about happiness being restricted to the poor. This contradicts the established notion that extreme deprivation generally lowers life satisfaction, and it also presents an exaggerated or unsupported generalization about who is happy. It misstates the typical relationship between wealth distribution and aggregate life satisfaction in underdeveloped nations.

In sum, the reasoning that most coherently ties underdevelopment to lower life satisfaction is the idea that life satisfaction is low because citizens cannot access sufficient material resources. The other options rely on overemphasizing culture, making unfounded claims about who is happy, or reversing the expected direction of the relationship between development and well-being, which are not as well supported by the typical empirical patterns described in this context.

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