Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT

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When evaluating how stereotypes are reinforced, we consider cognitive biases and social perception processes that typically strengthen stereotype beliefs.
Option 1: selective attention. This bias causes people to notice and remember information that confirms preexisting beliefs while overlooking disconfirming evidence, thereby reinforcing stereotypes. So this option supports reinforcement.
Option 2: the falsification principle. This principle, in scientific reasoning, emphasizes testing and attempting to falsify hypotheses. It is not a mechanism that explains how stereotypes are reinforced in everyday cognition or social perception; it is more about how science guards against false conclusions. Thus, this option does not reinforce stereotypes and is the correct choice for the EXCEPT.
Option 3: illusory correlations. This occurs when people perceive a relationship between two variables even when none exists, often between a group and a behavior, which strengthens stereotyping. Therefore, this option supports reinforcement.
Option 4: the availability heuristic. This bias leads people to judge the frequency or likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind; vivid or recent examples of a group can inflate stereotypes, thus reinforcing them.
In summary, the first, third, and fourth options describe well-documented cognitive processes that reinforce stereotypes, whereas the falsification principle does not describe stereotyping reinforcement and is the outlier in this list.

Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT

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Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT

View Explanation

Log in for full answers

Similar Questions

Duncan (1976) conducted a study in which participants witnessed an ambiguous shove between two confederates varying in race (Caucasian vs. African American). He found that:

A key difference between a stereotype and a generalisation is that stereotypes:

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________, consideration in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, often involves the psychological mechanism of ________, directing hostility or anger toward objects that are not really the source of those feelings.

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, consideration in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, often involves the psychological mechanism of , directing hostility or anger toward objects that are not really the source of those feelings.