Embryonic stem cells are derived from which of the following?

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Question restatement: Embryonic stem cells are derived from which of the following?

Option 1: Cells collected from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
This is the correct source of embryonic stem cells. The inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst comprises pluripotent cells that can differentiate into all three germ layers, which is the defining feature of embryonic stem cells. The ICM is isolated and cultured to maintain pluripotency, enabling widespread potential in research and therapy.

Option 2: Cells collected from the placenta of the blastocyst
The placenta arises from the trophoblast lineage, not the inner cell mass. Placental cells contribute to nutrient exchange between mother and fetus but are not the source of embryonic stem cells, which are pluripotent but typically derived from the ICM rather than placental tissue.

Option 3: Cells collected from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst
The trophectoderm differentiates into extra-embryonic structures such as parts of the placenta and chorion. These cells are not pluripotent embryonic stem cells. They have specialized roles in supporting gestation, rather than giving rise to the full set of somatic and germline tissues.

Option 4: Cells collected from the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst
The primitive endoderm contributes mainly to extraembryonic structures like the yolk sac and does not represent the source of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. It is not the lineage used to derive classic embryonic stem cells.

Summary of reasoning: Among the four blastocyst-derived lineages, only the inner cell mass contains pluripotent cells capable of giving rise to all embryonic cell types. The other lineages (trophectoderm and primitive endoderm) form extraembryonic tissues and are not the source of embryonic stem cells. This makes Option 1 the correct choice because it aligns with the established method of deriving embryonic stem cells from the blastocyst’s inner cell mass, while the remaining options describe tissues that do not provide pluripotent stem cells for standard embryonic stem cell derivation.

Embryonic stem cells are derived from which of the following?

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