South Korea is a democracy that has used __________ to develop its economy.

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The question asks: 'South Korea is a democracy that has used __________ to develop its economy.'

Since the answer options are not provided in the data, we cannot review each listed choice. However, we can discuss the concept that best fits the statement and why it aligns with South Korea's historical development.

One relevant concept is state-guided or state-led capitalism. In this model, the state directs a significant degree of economic activity through industrial policy, targeted investments, and coordination with major enterprises. South Korea’s postwar economic strategy is often characterized by active government involvement in setting strategic priorities, fostering export-oriented growth, and supporting large family-owned conglomerates known as chaebols. This approach allowed for rapid modernization, technology adoption, and the creation of globally competitive industries such as steel, shipbuilding, semiconductors, and consumer electronics.

If the missing options included terms like 'state capitalism,' 'laissez-faire capitalism,' 'mixed economy,' or 'command economy,' we would evaluate them as follows:
- State capitalism: This would be aligned with South Korea’s history of government-led investment, subsidies, and industrial policy that steers macroeconomic development and supports corporate champions. This is consistent with the general portrayal of the country's developmental model.
- Laissez-faire capitalism: This would emphasize minimal government intervention, which contrasts with South Korea’s highly interventionist planning and policy direction in the critical early decades of growth.
- Mixed economy: While South Korea does have market mechanisms and private enterprise, the defining feature of its growth era was the prominent role of the state, making a purely mixed model less precise.
- Command economy: This implies centralized, often Soviet-style planning with little private enterprise, which does not describe South Korea’s economy, where private firms and markets play a major role alongside government planning.

In summary, the description that best captures South Korea’s developmental experience is one of state-guided or state-led economic development, where government strategy, policy, and institutional support directed the growth of key industries and firms to achieve rapid modernization.

GEOG-1300-501-Spring 2025 Exam 1

South Korea is a democracy that has used __________ to develop its economy.

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