Which of the following Python data structures can be used to implement a stack efficiently?

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The question asks which Python data structure can be used to implement a stack efficiently.
Option 1: Tuple. Tuples are immutable, which means you cannot efficiently push or pop elements to simulate a stack; every modification would require creating a new tuple.
Option 2: None of the above. Since Python provides a standard mutable structure that supports stack operations efficiently, this option is not accurate.
Option 3: Set. Sets are unordered collections without a reliable index or order, so they cannot support a LIFO (last-in, first-out) access pattern that a stack requires.
Option 4: Dictionary. Dictionaries store key-value pairs and are not designed to provide a linear, indexable sequence with efficient push/pop semantics at one end, so they are not a natural stack implementation.
Option 5: String. Strings are immutable sequences of characters; modifying a string to push or pop would be expensive and not suitable for a stack.
Option 6: List. Lists in Python are dynamic arrays that offer O(1) amortized time for appending and popping from the end, which aligns perfectly with stack semantics (push and pop operations). This makes lists a standard and efficient choice for implementing a stack.

IS 4485-001 Fall 2025 Final Exam

Which of the following Python data structures can be used to implement a stack efficiently?

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