Which of the following is LIFO (Last In First Out)?

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When evaluating which data structure follows the Last In, First Out principle, we examine how elements are added and removed.
Option: Tree — A tree is a hierarchical structure where elements are connected in parent-child relationships; it does not inherently enforce LIFO semantics for insertion and removal.
Option: Graph — A graph represents a set of nodes connected by edges and is not defined by a last-in-first-out rule for access or deletion.
Option: Queue — A queue operates on First In, First Out (FIFO); elements are removed in the same order they were added, so it is not LIFO.
Option: Linked list — A linked list allows insertion and removal at various positions, and while it can be used to implement LIFO behavior when used as a stack, the structure itself is not defined as LIFO by default.
Option: Hash table — A hash table provides fast access based on keys and does not concern itself with order of insertion or removal, so LIFO semantics do not apply.
Option: Stack — A stack is designed to adhere to LIFO: the most recently added element is the first one to be removed, which directly embodies the last-in, first-out principle.

IS 4485-001 Fall 2025 Final Exam

Which of the following is LIFO (Last In First Out)?

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