According to Allen, the major difference between martial arts and sport is that martial arts have an external value independent of practice.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In this true/false item, we start by understanding what the statement is claiming about Allen's view. 
Option 1: True. The claim suggests that, for Allen, martial arts carry an external value that exists independently of practice, which distinguishes them from sport in this view. Here, we would examine Allen’s distinction between practice-centered activity and the outward value or meaning attributed to martial arts beyond mere repetition or competition. If Allen argues that martial arts embody values or purposes that persist beyond training and competition, then this option would align with that interpretation. 
Option 2: False. This would imply that Allen does not see martial arts as having external value beyond practice, perhaps viewing their value as intrinsic to the act of training or as contingent on performance outcomes. To assess this, we would consider whether Allen emphasizes external justification, cultural significance, ethical meanings, or societal functions that endure outside of practicing or competing. If his position instead centers on internal aspects like personal development during practice, the external-than-practice value claim would be inaccurate. 
Now, evaluating each alternative critically: Option 1 posits an external value that is independent of practice, which requires a reading of Allen that martial arts convey purposes or significances beyond the act of training itself. If such an interpretation is consistent with Allen’s framework, this option would be correct in the sense of capturing that distinctive claim. Conversely, Option 2 would be true only if Allen rejected any external, practice-independent value, arguing that the merit of martial arts is wholly tied to engagement in practice and does not exist outside it. If his view acknowledges external values—such as cultural, philosophical, or ethical dimensions that remain meaningful outside individual practice—then Option 2 would be inconsistent with that reading. 
Consider potential nuances: some theorists differentiate between instrumental value (usefulness in practice) and intrinsic or extrinsic value (meaningful beyond the act). If Allen emphasizes an external value that stands apart from the act of practicing martial arts, the statement would be aligned with that stance; otherwise, if he treats value as emergent only through engagement in practice, the assertion would be false. 
In summary, the correctness hinges on whether Allen attributes an external, practice-independent value to martial arts. If that external value is indeed part of his account, the statement holds; if not, the statement misrepresents his position.

PHIL 220-001 Allen Quiz

According to Allen, the major difference between martial arts and sport is that martial arts have an external value independent of practice.

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