After Mike’s recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely that Mike will have difficulty

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The question asks about outcomes when Broca's area in the cerebral cortex is damaged. 
Option 1: 'remembering past events.' Memory for past events (episodic memory) relies more on the hippocampus and related medial temporal structures, not primarily on Broca's area, so damage here would not principally cause memory deficits. 
Option 2: 'speaking fluently.' Broca's area is classically associated with speech production and fluent speech. When this region is damaged, people typically exhibit nonfluent speech or Broca's aphasia, making fluent speaking difficult. This option aligns with the known role of Broca's area. 
Option 3: 'reading.' Reading involves multiple language regions, including areas that support decoding and comprehension, and while some reading abilities can be affected in language disorders, Broca's area damage is most characteristically linked to speech production difficulties rather than a primary inability to read. Therefore this option is less directly tied to the core function disrupted by Broca's area damage. 
Option 4: 'understanding other people when they speak.' Comprehension of speech primarily involves Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe. Damage to Broca's area would more likely spare comprehension than production, so this option describes a deficit more typical of Wernicke's aphasia rather than Broca's. 
In summary, the most direct consequence ofBroca's area damage is impaired speech production, leading to difficulties in speaking fluently, while memory, reading, and comprehension deficits are less characteristic of this specific region's injury.

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After Mike’s recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely that Mike will have difficulty

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