Under which species concept is the total number of recognized species likely to be largest?

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Consider the question: Under which species concept is the total number of recognized species likely to be largest?
Option 1: Biological species concept. This concept defines species based on reproductive isolation. While important, it tends to lump together populations that do not interbreed in nature but may be genetically distinct or diverging in other traits, leading to fewer recognized species in some groups.
Option 2: None of the above. This would be chosen if none of the concepts produced the largest number, but that contradicts the commonly understood pattern described by the different concepts.
Option 3: Phylogenetic species concept. This framework defines a species as the smallest diagnosable monophyletic group and tends to require only minimal differences to delineate lineages. Because it emphasizes monophyly and diagnosable splits, it typically results in recognizing more species than other concepts, since even small, well-supported divergences can count as separate species.
Option 4: Morphological species concept. This approach identifies species primarily by consistent morphological differences. While practical and widely used, it often groups polymorphic populations or cryptic lineages together if morphology is similar, which can yield fewer species than a phylogenetic approach.
In summary, the phylogenetic species concept tends to produce the greatest splitting of lineages into distinct species due to its emphasis on diagnosable evolutionary history, whereas the other concepts may merge or overlook subtle divergences depending on the data considered. The biological species concept, focusing on reproductive isolation, can miss cryptic or asexually diverging lineages, and morphological criteria may overlook cryptic diversity; each of these can lead to fewer recognized taxa compared to the phylogenetic framework.

2025FallC-T-BIO322-61477 PRACTICE QUIZ - Chapter 2

Under which species concept is the total number of recognized species likely to be largest?

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