Which of the following is true based on research by Earley (1989) examining cultural differences in social loafing?

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First, the question asks about Earley (1989) and cultural differences in social loafing, asking which statement is true based on the research.
Option A: 'Social Loafing tends to be less common among Collectivists than among Individualists.' This aligns with the idea that collectivist cultures emphasize group harmony and responsibility, which can reduce loafing compared to individualist cultures where personal effort is more salient. So this statement is plausible and consistent with cross-cultural findings.
Option B: 'Social Loafing tends to be less common among Individualists than among Collectivists.' This contradicts the typical interpretation of Earley’s work, which generally suggests loafing is more attenuated in collectivist settings, not the reverse. Therefore, this option is likely incorrect.
Option C: 'Accountability reduces social loafing among Individualists, but not among Collectivists.' This captures a nuanced claim: accountability mechanisms may suppress loafing in individualist cultures where personal accountability is valued, while in collectivist contexts the emphasis on group norms might override individual accountability, making the effect different. Earley’s findings can be interpreted as supporting differential effects of accountability across cultures, so this option is plausible.
Option D: 'Both A and C are true.' If A is true and C is true, then this combined statement would also be true. Since A aligns with cross-cultural expectations and C provides a culturally moderated view of accountability, the synthesis in D coherently reflects the nuanced conclusions from Earley’s research.
To summarize the reasoning for each option: A is consistent with lower loafing in Collectivists, B is the opposite of Earley’s typical findings and thus incorrect, C presents a culturally contingent effect of accountability that is consistent with cross-cultural nuance, and D correctly combines the truths of A and C. Overall, the reasoning supports selecting D as the true statement, since it represents the combination of culturally influenced loafing patterns and accountability effects discussed in Earley’s study.

PSYC20009_2025_SM2 Exam: Personality and Social Psychology (PSYC20009_2025_SM2)- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Which of the following is true based on research by Earley (1989) examining cultural differences in social loafing?

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