According to Robert Sapolsky’s research on baboons, which social status position was correlated with the lowest rates of stress, stress-related hormones, and stress-related disease?

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When evaluating Sapolsky’s baboon research on social status and stress, we must consider how dominance and rank relate to physiological stress markers.
Option 1: High-ranking. The model of social stress in baboons shows that individuals at the top of the hierarchy experience lower baseline stress, fewer stress-related hormones, and reduced stress-related disease risk compared to lower-status individuals. This is due to greater control over resources, social support, and reduced exposure to aggression from higher-status rivals, which translates into calmer endocrine and immune system profiles.
Option 2: Low-ranking. While low-status individuals typically face more aggression and social instability, leading to higher stress hormone levels and worse health outcomes, this option contradicts Sapolsky’s findings that the lowest stress measures are observed in high-ranking individuals, not the opposite.
Option 3: Middle-ranking. Middle-ranked baboons experience intermediate levels of social challenges and stressors; however, their stress-related indicators generally do not reach the lowest levels observed in high-ranking individuals. This position lacks the stability and resource control associated with top rank, so the stress profile is not the minimal one.
Option 4: The question ties stress, hormones, and disease to social status, but none of the above except high-ranking aligns with Sapolsky’s documented pattern where higher rank correlates with lower stress markers. Middle- and low-ranking positions tend to show elevated stress responses relative to the top tier.
In summary, the reasoning across the options reflects the general principle that dominance and control associated with high social status buffer individuals from chronic stress exposure, whereas lower ranks are linked to heightened stress physiology. The incorrect choices misrepresent the relationship by suggesting lower or intermediate stress at non-top ranks or by ignoring the role of social control and support in stress regulation.

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According to Robert Sapolsky’s research on baboons, which social status position was correlated with the lowest rates of stress, stress-related hormones, and stress-related disease?

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