Social control can be described as:

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Exploring the concept of social control requires distinguishing between how norms guide behavior and the institutions or labels that might be involved. 
Option 1: 'the regulation and enforcement of norms.' This aligns with the standard sociological definition of social control, which encompasses formal and informal mechanisms that regulate behavior to conform to societal expectations. It emphasizes how norms are upheld and violations are managed. 
Option 2: 'a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual.' This describes labeling or typification of a person, not social control itself. It does not capture the mechanisms by which society regulates behavior. 
Option 3: 'a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.' While legal systems are part of social control, this option narrows social control to formal legal authority and misses the broader scope, including informal sanctions and everyday enforcement of norms. 
Option 4: 'an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.' This describes social structure or habitual practices, which can underpin social control but does not itself define the regulatory processes that constrain behavior; it’s a related concept, not a definition of social control. 
Overall, option 1 best captures the essence of social control as the regulation and enforcement of norms, whereas the other options describe related concepts (labeling, formal legal systems, or underlying practices) that do not fully define social control.

Introduction to Sociology Exam #2

Social control can be described as:

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