According to the text, the upper class in the United States:

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The question asks about the characteristics of the upper class in the United States as described in the text. 
Option 1: 'has a variety of differing lifestyles and is easily able to influence politics' This option suggests diversity within the upper class and indicates a capacity to sway political processes, which aligns with common sociological observations that economic power and social capital in the upper class enable a range of lifestyles while also enabling political influence. This is a plausible and nuanced description.
Option 2: 'is made up of the wealthiest 20 percent of the population' This is a common statistical framing, but it is a precise cutoff that may or may not reflect the text’s wording. If the text emphasizes influence and lifestyle diversity rather than a strict percentile boundary, this option could be too narrowly defined or misaligned with the described concept.
Option 3: 'does not include “new money” entrepreneurs such as Bill Gates' The phrase implies that the upper class excludes recent affluent individuals who gained wealth quickly. In many analyses, new money individuals are indeed part of the upper class, so this statement is generally inaccurate and contradicts common understanding of social class boundaries, making it unlikely to be correct.
Option 4: 'is accessible to all Americans with a college education who work hard' This option portrays the upper class as readily accessible to a broad group based on education and effort alone, which oversimplifies social stratification and ignores structural barriers, inherited wealth, networks, and other factors that typically limit access. Therefore, this characterization is misleading.
In summary, option 1 offers a balanced view that encompasses diversity of lifestyles and the potential for political influence, while options 2, 3, and 4 either rely on rigid classifications, deny well-established social dynamics, or oversimplify access to upper-class status. The discussion of the upper class in many texts often centers on variability in lifestyle and the capacity to influence politics, making option 1 the most consistent with such descriptions.

SMC 2025 Smr - SOCIOL 1 (1561,1562) - Introduction to Sociology (O) FINAL EXAM

According to the text, the upper class in the United States:

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