The mechanism of action of many common medications involves interfering with the normal pathways that cells use to respond to hormone signals.

Which of the following best describes a drug interaction that directly interferes with a signal transduction pathway?

Question

The mechanism of action of many common medications involves interfering with the normal pathways that cells use to respond to hormone signals.

Which of the following best describes a drug interaction that directly interferes with a signal transduction pathway?

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question describes how many medications work by interfering with hormone signal transduction pathways. To evaluate each option, consider what step in the signaling cascade is being targeted.
Option 1: 'A medication interrupts the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes.' Interrupting rRNA transcription would affect ribosome production and general protein synthesis, but it does not directly address a specific hormone signal transduction pathway. This would have broad, non-specific effects rather than a targeted interference with a signal transduction cascade.
Option 2: 'A medication enters the target cell’s nucleus and acts as a mutagen.' Mutagens in the nucleus pertain to genetic stability and DNA integrity, not to the early or intermediate steps of signal transduction initiated by hormone receptors. This scenario describes genomic damage rather than disruption of a signaling pathway.
Option 3: 'A medication causes the cell to absorb more of a particular mineral, eventually poisoning the cell.' Increasing mineral uptake may cause toxicity, but it does not describe direct interference with a hormone-induced signal transduction pathway. It targets cellular homeostasis broadly rather than the specific messaging mechanisms used by hormone signals.
Option 4: 'A medication enters the target cell and inhibits an enzyme that normally synthesizes a second messenger.' This precisely targets a key feature of many signaling pathways: the production of second messengers (such as cAMP, IP3, DAG) after receptor activation. By inhibiting the enzyme responsible for creating the second messenger, the downstream signaling cascade is directly disrupted, preventing the cell from transmitting the hormone signal.
Taken together, the fourth option best matches the description of a drug interaction that directly interferes with a signal transduction pathway, whereas the others describe effects not tied to the core signaling cascade triggered by hormones.

APBIO141-031 with labs S10 - CollegeBoard* AP Exam Prep: Multiple Choice

The mechanism of action of many common medications involves interfering with the normal pathways that cells use to respond to hormone signals. Which of the following best describes a drug interaction that directly interferes with a signal transduction pathway?

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