Adolescent growth is due to _____.

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Question: Adolescent growth is due to _____.
Option 1: calcitonin. This hormone mainly regulates calcium levels and bone resorption, not driving the pubertal spurt in height. It does not account for the rapid adolescent growth observed during puberty.
Option 2: sex hormones. During adolescence, rising levels of sex steroids (estrogen and testosterone) drive the pubertal growth spurt by stimulating rapid bone growth at the growth plates. They also promote epiphyseal plate maturation and eventual fusion, which ends longitudinal growth. This mechanism aligns with the characteristic timing and pattern of adolescent growth.
Option 3: growth hormone. Growth hormone (and IGF-1) supports general linear growth and bone formation, especially earlier in childhood, and continues to contribute during puberty. However, the hallmark rapid increase in height during adolescence is tightly linked to sex steroids coordinating the pubertal growth spurt, making GH insufficient alone to explain adolescent growth.
Option 4: calcitriol. Calcitriol mainly regulates intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization, but it is not the driving force behind the rapid adolescent increase in stature.
Option 5: PTH (parathyroid hormone). PTH regulates calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling primarily in response to low calcium, not the primary driver of pubertal linear growth.
In summary, while growth hormone supports growth in earlier years and sex hormones trigger the pronounced pubertal growth spurt, the statement that adolescent growth is due to sex hormones specifically captures the key driver of the characteristic adolescent height increase and its eventual cessation via epiphyseal fusion.

BIOL 251 Module 3 Problem Set

Adolescent growth is due to _____.

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