Suppose r=12 and d=21. Then, the optimal solution is (Ryegrass, Orchard grass) = (4,0) is optimal. What is the allowable increase associated with d? If your answer is infinity, enter "999".

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We start by restating the problem in our own words to ensure understanding: with r = 12 and d = 21, the provided optimal solution is (Ryegrass, Orchard grass) = (4, 0). We are asked for the allowable increase in the parameter d (i.e., how much can d be increased before the current optimal basis ceases to be optimal). If the allowable increase is unbounded, we would output 999, but the given answer is 3, so we expect a finite range.

Step 1: Recognize what d represents in sensitivity terms. In linear programming sensitivity analysis, an “allowable increase” for a parameter that affects the objective coefficient (such as d multiplying a decision variable) refers to how far we can perturb that coefficient before the current optimal basis changes. Here, d is the coefficient associated with Orchard grass in the objective function, since the current basic solution has x1 > 0 (Ryegrass = 4) and x2 = 0 (Orchard grass = 0). The current basis depends on the constraint structure and the objective coefficients.

Step 2: Understand the current basis and its implications. The basic feasible solution (x1, x2) = (4, 0) implies that Ryegrass is in the basis (positive value) while Orchard grass is nonbasic at 0. The reduced cost for the nonbasic variable x2 must be nonnegative for optimality in a maximization problem. As d increases, the reduced cost for x2 changes; the point where it would become negative would signal a potential improvement by bringing x2 into the basis.

Step 3: Identify how d affects the reduced cost of x2. In typical LP sensitivity analysis, the reduced cost of a nonbasic variable xj is cj − y^T Aj, where y is the vector of optimal dual prices and Aj is the column of the constraint matrix associated with xj. If d is the coefficient cj for Orchard grass (x2), then increasing d increases cj, which in turn can decrease the reduced cost (cj − y^T Aj). The allowable increase is the range of d for which cj − y^T Aj remains nonnegative. Beyond that range, the reduced cost would become negative, indicating that bringing x2 into the basis could improve the objective.

Step 4: Conceptualize the breakpoint that yields an allowable increase of 3. Since the answer is 3, the breakpoint occurs when the increased value of d reaches a level where the current basis loses optimality. Concretely, if the current reduced cost for x2 is zero at d = 21 (consistent with x2 being nonbasic), increasing d by 3 would make the reduced cost for x2 negative, or would cause the reduced cost to reach zero at a different value depending on the dual prices. The fact that the allowable increase is finite (3) indicates there is a specific point at which the current optimal basis ceases to be optimal, after which a different basic feasible solution would take over.

Step 5: Acknowledge the general method to compute this value. In a full solution, one would:
- Write down the constraint matrix A and the objective coefficients c = (r, d) for the two decision variables.
- Compute the optimal basis and the corresponding dual prices y at the solution (4, 0).
- Express the reduced cost of x2 as rc2(d) = c2(d) − y^T A2, where c2(d) is the coefficient for x2 depending on d.
- Solve for the largest d such that rc2(d) ≥ 0. The difference d* − d0 (where d0 = 21) would be the allowable increase. If this calculation yields d* = 24, then the allowable increase is 3.

Step 6: Conclude with the given numeric result in context. Given the problem statement and the provided answer, the allowable increase in d is 3, meaning d can rise from 21 up to 24 before the current optimal solution (Ryegrass = 4, Orchard grass = 0) would no longer remain optimal. Beyond that point, another feasible solution would become optimal due to a change in the basis.

Step 7: Important caveat about missing details. A fully rigorous numerical derivation would require the explicit constraint matrix A and the full objective coefficients, which are not provided in the prompt. The reasoning above outlines the standard sensitivity-analysis approach and explains why a finite allowable increase can occur, matching the given answer of 3.

COMM_V 190 101-104 2025W1 2025W1 COMM 190 Final Exam - TUE Dec 09 2025 - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Suppose r=12 and d=21. Then, the optimal solution is (Ryegrass, Orchard grass) = (4,0) is optimal. What is the allowable increase associated with d? If your answer is infinity, enter "999".

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