What did the Chinese government not do to combat the Japanese invasion in 1937.

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Restating the question and options helps frame what we're evaluating: What did the Chinese government not do to combat the Japanese invasion in 1937?
Option 1: 'After initial costly battles, the Chinese retreated giving up large territories to the Japanese. This led to the Chinese Quagmire.' This statement mixes some elements of reality with an overgeneralization. There were indeed early battles with heavy losses and some retreats, but describing it as giving up 'large territories' and leading to a singular 'Quagmire' oversimplifies the multi-year conflict that followed and doesn’t capture the later formation of broader resistance.
Option 2: 'The Nationalist government decided to fight the Communists under Mao first to end the Civil War before confronting the Japanese. This hesitation and the intense losses of the Civil War led to China's defeat at Nanjing.' This option asserts that the government prioritized internal civil war over resisting Japan. In reality, while there were tensions and negotiations between the Nationalists and Communists, the period saw efforts toward a united front against the Japanese rather than a deliberate sequence of civil war first. The claim that they chose to fight the Communists to the exclusion of facing Japan is not accurate historically, and the idea that this decision directly caused the fall of Nanjing misrepresents the complex military and political dynamics of 1937.
Option 3: 'The Chinese government asked for and received foreign supplies and arms from the United States and Great Britain.' This is historically accurate for the era, as foreign aid and arms shipments did occur, assisting China’s resistance against Japan, especially as the war progressed.
Option 4: 'The Chinese government invited American Volunteer Pilots ("The Flying Tigers") to contest Japanese control of the air, thus slowing down the Japanese assault.' This statement reflects real historical actions: the Flying Tigers provided air assistance to China and contributed to countering Japanese airpower.
Analyzing each option in turn helps distinguish between commonly true historical points and claims that misstate priorities or sequence of events. The balancing of early battles, shifts toward international support, and the air-defense alliance all shape the nuanced history of China’s wartime posture in 1937.

2025SpringB-X-WWS460-HST460-JST460-20406-20405-26446 Lecture 2b Learning Check Japanese Expansion 2

What did the Chinese government not do to combat the Japanese invasion in 1937.

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