Scientific management, pioneered by Frederick Taylor, claimed that decisions about organisations and job design should be based on:

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The question asks about what scientific management, as pioneered by Frederick Taylor, claimed decisions about organisations and job design should be based on.
Option A: "A. Precise, scientific procedures after careful study of individual situations". This aligns with Taylor's approach, which emphasized systematic observation, measurement, and analysis to develop standardized methods and optimize work processes based on empirical data and careful study. It captures the core idea of basing decisions on scientific methods rather than intuition or rule-of-thumb.
Option B: "B. Popular beliefs about how organisations should be designed". This option contradicts the scientific management stance, which criticized reliance on popular beliefs or conventional wisdom and instead urged evidence-based methods and time-and-motion studies.
Option C: "C. The widely held insights of management and organisational practitioners". While practitioners’ insights may be valuable, scientific management argued for breaking from informal practitioner wisdom in favor of objective, quantitative analysis. This option understates the emphasis on systematic scientific study.
Option D: "D. Aligning organisational requirements with employees' self-interest." While later management theories discuss aligning with employee motivation, Taylor’s framework focused on efficiency, standardization, and procedural methods derived from science, not primarily on aligning with self-interest. This framing reflects more contemporary motivational perspectives than Taylor’s core claim.
In summary, each distractor moves away from the central tenet of scientific management: decisions should be grounded in precise, scientific procedures developed through careful empirical study of work processes. The correct emphasis is on objective analysis and standardization rather than popularity, practitioner lore, or solely motivational alignments.

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Scientific management, pioneered by Frederick Taylor, claimed that decisions about organisations and job design should be based on:

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