What PROC requires a BY statement?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which PROC requires a BY statement in order to operate as intended.
Since the answer choices are not provided, I will focus on the key concept and why PROC SORT is typically described as needing a BY statement for BY-group processing.
Consider what a BY statement does: it designates one or more variables to define groups, so that the procedure can perform actions within each group in ascending (or specified) order. 
Option analysis (in the absence of concrete choices):
- If the option were PROC SORT, the BY statement is central to its normal operation. PROC SORT uses a BY statement to sort the data within each BY group or to produce a sorted output that is correctly partitioned by the BY variables. Without a BY statement, PROC SORT can still sort data, but the BY-delimited grouping behavior would not apply, which is often the context used in exam questions where BY processing is highlighted.
- If the option were another PROC (e.g., PROC MEANS, PROC FREQ, PROC REPORT, etc.), these procs can often run with or without a BY statement depending on whether BY-group processing is desired. They do not universally require a BY statement in the same way PROC SORT does for its standard operational paradigm.
- Therefore, the statement that a BY statement is required most clearly aligns with PROC SORT, since grouping the sort operation by BY variables is a core feature that depends on specifying those BY variables.
Potential misconceptions to watch for: assuming any PROC can perform BY-group processing without a BY statement; in many cases the BY statement activates BY-group processing, and some procs can accept a BY-statement for convergence of results across groups rather than being strictly required for the procedure to run.
In summary, conceptually, PROC SORT is the PROC most tightly associated with requiring a BY statement to achieve grouped, sequential ordering by the BY variables, which is the behavior most people refer to when saying the BY statement is required.

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What PROC requires a BY statement?

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