Question at position 25 Claims and variables: Frequency claims tend to have Printed Blank[input]Question Blank 1 of 8Answer variable(s). Association claims tend to have Printed Blank[input]Question Blank 2 of 8Answer variable(s). Causal claims tend to have Printed Blank[input]Question Blank 3 of 8Answer variable(s). When assessing headlines, we typically look at the number of variables involved and the verb a journalist uses. Classify the following headlines based on whether they are frequency, association, or causal claims. [table] "People with High Social Media Use Tend to Have Lower Self-Esteem" | Printed BlankQuestion Blank 4 of 8Answer "One in Four Students Have a Tiktok Addiction" | Printed BlankQuestion Blank 5 of 8Answer "Seeing First-Generation Role Models Improves Belonging for First-Generation College Students" | Printed BlankQuestion Blank 6 of 8Answer "80% of People Report Feeling Closer to Family After Holiday Gatherings" | Printed BlankQuestion Blank 7 of 8Answer "Taking a Deep Breath May Lower Anxiety Levels During a Test" | Printed BlankQuestion Blank 8 of 8Answer [/table] causalfrequency1 manipulated and 1 measuredassociation2 measured1 measured

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To tackle the task, I’ll first restate what each type means and how many variables or manipulations they typically involve, then apply that understanding to each item. Option 1 (defining frequency): A frequency claim is about how often something occurs, usually expressed as a proportion or percentage, with one variable being observed but not manipulated. It’s measured rather than manipulated. Option 2 (defining association): An association claim discusses a relationship between two variables, indicating that as one changes, the other tends to change as well. There is not necessarily a cause-and-effect claim here, just a link observed. Option 3 (defining causal): A causal claim asserts that one variable directly influences another, typically implying manipulation of an independent variable to observe effects on a dependent variable. This often involves experimental o......Login to view full explanation

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