Question at position 58 What is the primary function of angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?To decrease blood pressure by stimulating sodium excretion.To inhibit aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex.To reduce thirst and limit fluid intake.To increase blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction and fluid retention.

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Exam question: What is the primary function of angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

Option 1: 'To decrease blood pressure by stimulating sodium excretion.' This is inconsistent with the known actions of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II promotes sodium and water retention, not excretion, and it tends to raise blood pressure rather than decrease it.

Option 2: 'To inhibit aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex.' In the standard RAAS, angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, not inhibits it. Therefore this statement contradicts the regulatory cascade.

Option 3: 'To reduce thirst and limit fluid intake.' Angiotensin II actually stimulates thirst as part of a compensatory mechanism to restore circulating volume; reducing thirst would oppose its role in volume maintenance. So this option misstates its effect on fluid intake.

Option 4: 'To increase blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction and fluid retention.' This aligns with the core actions of angiotensin II: potent vasoconstriction via angiotensin receptors and stimulation of aldosterone (which promotes sodium and water reabsorption), collectively elevating blood pressure and expanding plasma volume.

Putting it together, the other options wrongly describe opposite or indirect effects of angiotensin II, whereas this option captures the primary, physiologically consistent outcome of the peptide within the RAAS framework.

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Question at position 22 What is the primary stimulus for the release of renin in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?High potassium levels in the bloodSympathetic nervous system activityLow blood pressureHigh blood pressureLow sodium levels in the blood

Question at position 13 Which organ is primarily responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II?KidneysHeartLungsAdrenal glandsLiver

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Question at position 55 Which of the following is NOT a function of angiotensin II?Stimulating the adrenal cortex to release aldosteroneDirectly stimulating renin secretion from the kidneysStimulating the posterior pituitary to release ADHIncreasing vasoconstriction to raise blood pressure

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