What is a base case in recursion?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To address the concept, let's list each option and evaluate its meaning in the context of recursion.
Option 1: 'A variable used for counting' — This describes a counter that might be used in a loop or recursion, but it is not what defines a base case. A base case is not inherently about counting; it’s about a stopping condition.
Option 2: 'The case where the function calls itself infinitely' — An infinite self-call would lead to infinite recursion and typically a stack overflow; it is the opposite of a base case, which is precisely the condition that prevents further recursive calls.
Option 3: 'An error handler' — Error handling deals with exceptional conditions, not the mechanism by which recursion ends. A base case is about normal termination, not error processing.
Option 4: 'The main function' — The main function is simply the entry point of a program or module; it has no intrinsic role in defining how a particular recursive procedure terminates.
Option 5: 'The condition under which the recursion stops' — This statement captures the essential concept: a base case is a specific condition that stops further recursive calls, preventing infinite descent and enabling the recursion to unwind.
Option 6: 'The last line of code' — The final line in a function has no automatic relationship to termination of recursion; a base case is defined by a logical condition, not by where the code ends.
Overall, the core idea is that a base case provides a clear stopping criterion for the recursive process, ensuring termination and correct unwinding of the recursion. The other options describe related but distinct concepts or misunderstand the role of a base case in a recursive algorithm.

IS 4485-001 Fall 2025 Final Exam

What is a base case in recursion?

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