A pipeline must serve predictions immediately while also storing all events for later audits. Which design best supports both?

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Question restatement: A pipeline must serve predictions immediately while also storing all events for later audits. Which design best supports both?

Option 1: Local file storage. While local storage can be fast for transient data, it is not durable, scalable, or auditable at scale. It also lacks centralized, durable storage for long-term audits and cross-system access, making it unsuitable for a production pipeline required to preserve all events over time.

Option 2: Lambda only with no storage. Lambda-based workflows can process events, but without any persistence layer, there is no durable record of events for audits. This means you cannot reconstruct past predictions or verify what happened, violating the auditing requirement.

Option 3: Batch-only scoring. Batch processing introduces latency and does not provide real-time predictions. For environments needing immediate inference results, a batch approach is incompatible with the requirement to serve predictions instantly, even if it might occasionally store events.

Option 4: Streaming ingestion + S3 storage + real-time inference. This design combines streaming ingestion to supply events continuously, a durable object store (S3) to archive all events for audits, and real-time inference to deliver immediate predictions. It aligns with both needs: low-latency prediction serving and a durable, queryable log of all events for compliance and auditing purposes.

In summary, the strength of option 4 lies in separating concerns while ensuring durability, auditability, and low-latency inference, whereas the other options fail to meet one or both requirements: immediacy, durability, or auditability. The overall alignment with the stated needs makes option 4 the most suitable choice.

BU.330.740.T2.FA25 Large Scale Computing (T2) – Final Exam

A pipeline must serve predictions immediately while also storing all events for later audits. Which design best supports both?

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