In paragraph 3, the authors claim:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

First, I restate the prompt and options to frame the analysis: In paragraph 3, the authors claim:
A. Two conflicting theories are both true.
B. Their theory is backed by evidence.
C. Time spent reading is the most important factor for reading growth.

Option A: Two conflicting theories are both true. This would require the authors to argue that opposing theories hold simultaneously without reconciliation. If paragraph 3 presents a single coherent claim or emphasizes supporting data rather than presenting competing theories as equally valid, this option would misrepresent the authors’ stance. The typical reading of a single paragraph focusing on a claim would not assert mutual truth of conflicting theories unless explicitly comparing and contrasting, which would be a different pattern than a simple claim of support.

Option B: Their theory is backed by evidence. This asserts that the authors support their theory with data, experiments, studies, or logical reasoning drawn from evidence within the text. If paragraph 3 is making a claim about the validity of their theory and cites or references evidence, this would be a direct and standard form of scholarly argument: claim plus evidence. The phrasing often mirrors a presenter’s intention to ground the theory in empirical or logical support.

Option C: Time spent reading is the most important factor for reading growth. This would claim a causal priority to time spent as the key determinant of growth. If the paragraph emphasizes other factors (such as strategy, comprehension, prior knowledge, or quality of engagement) or downplays sheer time, then this option would be inaccurate. The “most important factor” phrasing is a strong claim that would require explicit justification; without such emphasis, this would likely misstate the authors’ position.

Breaking down potential pitfalls:
- If the paragraph emphasizes evidence, option A misreads the relationship as parallel mutual truth rather than evidence-supported stance.
- If the paragraph explicitly presents data or references that bolster the theory, option B aligns with a common academic pattern of claim-plus-evidence.
- If the paragraph highlights practices, strategies, or factors other than time as key drivers, option C would be contrary to the authors’ emphasis.

In summary, option B captures a standard scholarly claim that a theory is supported by evidence, whereas A and C introduce interpretations (mutual truth of conflicting theories and primacy of time spent) that would require explicit contextual cues not typically consistent with a paragraph making an evidence-based claim. The reasoning in option B hinges on the presence of evidence cited or described in the paragraph to substantiate the theory, which is the hallmark of an evidence-backed claim.

In paragraph 3, the authors claim:

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