By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction times between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

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The question asks about Donders’ interpretation of the difference in reaction times between simple and choice tasks.
Option 1: 'attend to the stimulus.' Attending to the stimulus is generally considered an early perceptual process, which would be engaged in both simple and choice tasks, so the difference in RTs is not specifically about attention.
Option 2: 'perceive the stimulus.' Perception occurs in both conditions as the subject detects the stimulus; the extra time in the choice task goes beyond mere perception.
Option 3: 'process the stimulus.' Processing the stimulus is a broad idea that can include perception and decision components; however, Donders’ key inference from the RT difference was not about general processing but about a discrete stage added in the more complex task.
Option 4: 'make a decision about the stimulus.' This is the correct interpretation: the extra time in the choice condition is attributed to the decision stage, i.e., selecting a response after evaluating the stimulus, which is what differentiates a simple reaction from a choice reaction.
In sum, the observed RT difference isolates the cognitive operation necessary to decide which response to make, rather than early sensory or perceptual operations that would be present in both conditions.

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction times between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

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