The purpose of random sampling is to ensure

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The purpose of random sampling is to ensure

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The question asks about the purpose of random sampling in research design. 
Option 1: 'that the sample is representative of the target population.' This is the core aim of random sampling, because randomness helps ensure each member of the population has an equal chance of selection, reducing selection bias and increasing the likelihood that the sample reflects the population's characteristics. 
Option 2: 'a sufficiently large sample size.' While a larger sample size improves precision and power, random sampling itself is not defined by size alone; representativeness is the defining purpose, and sample size is a separate consideration that affects margin of error and statistical power rather than the fundamental aim of randomization. 
Option 3: 'that a cause and effect relationship will be found.' Random sampling does not by itself establish causality; it helps generalizability and reducing bias, but causal inferences depend on the study design (e.g., random assignment, control groups) and proper analysis. 
Option 4: 'that the target population has been clearly defined.' Defining the target population is an important step in study design, but it is not the purpose of the random sampling process itself; random sampling operates within the defined population to select participants, rather than defining the population.

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The purpose of random sampling is to ensure

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