Favourable outcomes for older adulthood psychosocial development include...

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When considering favourable outcomes for older adulthood psychosocial development, it's helpful to evaluate what each option suggests about aging.
Option a: 'All of these' implies that multiple positive domains coexist in healthy aging, which aligns with holistic views of gerontological development where cognitive, emotional, and life-span reflections can all contribute to well-being.
Option b: 'Stable crystallised intelligence' refers to the idea that crystallised intelligence (vocabulary, general knowledge, learned skills) tends to remain stable or even improve with age. This is commonly supported by research showing that many language- and knowledge-based abilities are preserved or enhanced in later life, contributing to successful aging.
Option c: 'High functioning verbal reasoning' suggests that verbal reasoning abilities stay strong or decline slowly in some older adults. While there is variability, many individuals maintain verbal skills such as comprehension, verbal fluency, and reasoning well into older adulthood, supporting positive psychosocial functioning.
Option d: 'Satisfaction and contentment in looking back on life' captures the life-review and integration aspect of psychosocial development, where achieving a sense of coherence and meaning from one’s life narrative is linked to well-being in older age.
Altogether, each of options b, c, and d describes a plausible favorable outcome, and taken together they support the overarching idea that multiple positive domains can coexist in healthy aging. This reinforces the notion that the most comprehensive answer is that all these favorable outcomes can occur, which would be captured by option a. 
Note on potential misconceptions: if one assumed that aging inevitably leads to declines in intelligence or mood, that view would overlook evidence of preserved crystallised abilities, maintained verbal skills for many individuals, and the value of life reflection for coping and satisfaction. Conversely, claiming only one domain is favorable ignores the interconnected nature of psychosocial aging.
In summary, each individual facet described in options b, c, and d can be considered a favorable aging outcome, and collectively they support choosing a as capturing all these positive possibilities.

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Favourable outcomes for older adulthood psychosocial development include...

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