Which perspective does the clinician subscribe to if she attributes the causes of the patient's disorder as due to the inner conflicts between the id and the superego, and trauma from the past?

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The question asks which perspective a clinician adopts when attributing a patient's disorder to inner conflicts between the id and the superego, along with past trauma.
Option 1: biological. This would emphasize genetic, neurochemical, or physiological factors rather than psychodynamic conflicts or past experiences. Since the prompt highlights intrapsychic conflict and traumatic history, a biological reduction is not fitting.
Option 2: behavioral. Behaviorism focuses on observable actions and learned responses to stimuli, with less emphasis on unconscious conflicts or early-life trauma. It would not center on id-superego dynamics or past traumatic events as core causes.
Option 3: humanistic. The humanistic perspective stresses personal growth, free will, and self-actualization, often downplaying determinism from intrapsychic conflict. It would not foreground unconscious structural conflicts like id versus ego/superego or past trauma as primary etiological factors.
Option 4: psychoanalytic. This viewpoint explicitly centers on unconscious processes, intrapsychic conflicts, and early experiences shaping behavior and symptoms. The reference to the id and superego and to past trauma aligns directly with classic psychoanalytic theory and psychodynamic explanations.
Thus, considering the described causes—inner psychic conflict and historical trauma—the psychoanalytic perspective is the best fit among the options. The other options either shift the focus to biology, learning and environment, or humanistic notions of self-actualization, none of which foreground the unconscious structural conflicts highlighted here.

Which perspective does the clinician subscribe to if she attributes the causes of the patient's disorder as due to the inner conflicts between the id and the superego, and trauma from the past?

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