A prototype

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A prototype

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Consider the concept of a prototype in systems development and how it is used in practice. 
Option 1: 'is expensive to create and is therefore only created once user needs are well-defined.' While prototypes can involve cost, the idea that they are only created after needs are well-defined is misleading; prototyping is often used precisely to elicit and refine those needs early, not after they are fully defined. This option also overemphasizes expense as a barrier and implies a single-shot creation, which is not the typical iterative role of prototypes.
Option 2: 'is making an internal and external review of the system to be analyzed, noting that users may not use the existing AIS as intended.' This describes evaluation activities like reviews or audits, not the function of a prototype itself. Prototyping is about building a runnable or visible model, not primarily about conducting formal reviews, though prototypes can inform reviews later.
Option 3: 'is typically created during the physical design phase of systems development.' Prototypes are often associated with requirements gathering and early design phases, or iterative development; stating they are typically created during the physical design phase misplaces their role. Physical design is more about technical arrangements and detailed specifications, whereas prototyping frequently occurs earlier to explore concepts and user interaction.
Option 4: 'can be used to help users identify and communicate their system needs.' This accurately reflects a core purpose of prototyping: providing a tangible artifact that users can interact with to express requirements, constraints, and preferences, thereby clarifying what the system should do and how it should behave. Prototypes serve as a communication bridge between users and developers, enabling iteration and refinement.

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A prototype

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