What type of interaction does GLU81 form with the ligand?

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Question restatement: What type of interaction does GLU81 form with the ligand?

Observation: The provided data lists the correct answer as Hydrogen bond, but no answer options are supplied to evaluate alternatives.

Analysis of the given correct answer:
- Hydrogen bonding is a common non-covalent interaction between amino acid side chains and ligands. The GLU (glutamate) side chain features a carboxylate group that can act as an H-bond acceptor. When a ligand possesses a hydrogen bond donor (such as -NH, -OH, or other proton-donating groups), a hydrogen bond can form between the ligand and the carboxylate oxygen atoms.
- In protein–ligand interfaces, hydrogen bonds with acidic residues like GLU81 often contribute to specificity and stability, especially when the ligand presents appropriate donor groups positioned to align with the carboxylate oxygens.

Discussion of potential but non-listed alternatives (conceptual, since options are not provided):
- Ionic (electrostatic) interactions: GLU81 can engage in salt bridges with positively charged ligand moieties (e.g., protonated amines). This is a distinct mechanism from hydrogen bonding and often strong at physiological pH, but it requires a positively charged ligand group.
- Van der Waals contacts: While always present to some degree, these are non-specific and typically not named as the primary interaction type between GLU81 and a ligand.
- Covalent bonding: Unlikely for a standard protein–ligand interaction under typical conditions; covalent modification involves chemistry beyond non-covalent recognition.

Why hydrogen bonding is plausible here (supporting rationale):
- The carboxylate of GLU81 can serve as an H-bond acceptor, pairing with a hydrogen-bond donor on the ligand, which aligns with common ligand recognition patterns.
- The term “hydrogen bond” as an interaction type emphasizes directional, specific contacts that contribute to binding affinity and specificity without requiring formal charges on the ligand.

If we were to compare to an unlisted option like ionic interaction: ionic interactions would require a positively charged ligand partner at physiological pH; such interactions are strong and complementary to hydrogen bonds, but not mutually exclusive—both can occur in a binding site depending on ligand chemistry.

In summary, given the asserted correct answer, GLU81 is described as forming a hydrogen bond with the ligand, which is consistent with the carboxylate side chain acting as an H-bond acceptor when a suitable hydrogen-bond donor on the ligand is present. The absence of provided alternatives makes it impossible to contrast with other possibilities here, but the hydrogen-bond interpretation remains a plausible and common mode of interaction for GLU81 in many protein–ligand complexes.

2254 BIOSC 1544 SEC1000 Homework: BINANA

What type of interaction does GLU81 form with the ligand?

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