Question at position 14 Belinda and John were best friends through their school years. Belinda now works in a café and has become good friends with her colleague, Jim. However, Belinda often finds herself referring to Jim as John, even though she has not spoken to John for at least four years. Belinda's confusion with the names may be attributed to the occurrence ofanterograde amnesia.proactive interference.retroactive interference.retrograde amnesia.

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The question describes Belinda mistakenly using the name John for her coworker Jim, despite not having spoken to John for years. This points to interference between memory traces from the past and new information. 
Option 1: anterograde amnesia. This is the inability to form new memories after a brain event, not a misnaming due to mixing old and new memories. It doesn’t explain why she confuses Jim with John. 
Option 2: proactive interference. This occurs when previously learned information (the name John) interferes with the ability to learn or recall new information (the name Jim). That fits the scenario of the old name intruding on remembering the new name. 
Option 3: retroactive interference. This is when newly learned information interferes with the recall of previously learned information. In this case, the old name interfering with the new name would be retroactive interference, which is the opposite of what’s described. 
Option 4: retrograde amnesia. This involves loss of memories from before a specific event, not confusion between current and past names. It doesn’t apply to the naming error described. 
In summary, the most plausible explanation for Belinda’s confusion between Jim and John is proactive interference, where the long-standing memory of the name John disrupts the acquisition or recall of the newer name Jim.

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