The price elasticity of supply tends to be more inelastic as the firm's production facility reaches maximum capacity.

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Question restatement: The price elasticity of supply tends to be more inelastic as the firm's production facility reaches maximum capacity.

First, consider what price elasticity of supply (PES) measures: the responsiveness of the quantity supplied to a given change in price. When a firm is operating near full capacity, its ability to ramp up production quickly in response to a price increase is limited by physical constraints, so small price changes do not translate into large changes in quantity supplied.

Now, evaluate the statement piece by piece.

- At or near maximum capacity, the plant cannot easily expand output because machines, space, and labor are already utilized to near-full extent. Any further output would require investing in new capital, hiring more workers, overtime pay, or shifting resource allocations, all of which typically take time and incur costs. This tightens the supply response to price signals, making PES relatively inelastic in the short run.

- By contrast, when a firm has ample unused capacity, a rise in price can induce a fairly sizable increase in output without incurring new investments, leading to a more elastic supply response. The contrast between underutilized capacity and maxed capacity illustrates how PES can vary with the capacity state of the production process.

- A potential counterpoint is that in the long run, firms can adjust by expanding capacity, adopting new technologies, or relocating factors of production, which could restore elasticity as more options become available. However, the statement specifically ties the inelastic tendency to the condition of maximum capacity, which aligns with the conventional short-run intuition.

- Misconceptions to watch out for: some might think elasticity is determined solely by price movement intensity, not by production constraints. Others might assume capacity constraints only affect costs, not responsiveness. Yet elasticity is precisely about how quantity responds to price, and capacity limits directly throttle that response.

If one were to consider microeconomic intuition: when capacity is binding, the marginal cost of additional output is high, and the firm cannot easily substitute inputs or expand output, so the quantity response to price changes is muted, yielding an inelastic PES.

In summary, the reasoning aligns with the idea that production capacity constraints dampen the ability to increase supply in response to price changes, producing an inelastic PES near maximum capacity.

The price elasticity of supply tends to be more inelastic as the firm's production facility reaches maximum capacity.

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