位置7的问题 Regarding potential outcomes - if a unit receives the treatment, then it is no longer useful to consider what Y0 might be for that observation.TrueFalseDon't Know清除选择

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Option 1: 'True' — This is not correct. In the potential outcomes framework, Y0 (the outcome if untreated) is still a meaningful and necessary concept for causal inference, even for observations that actually received the treatment. Knowing Y0 for the same unit helps estimate treatment effects by comparing Y1 and Y0 across units or under different assumptions.

Option 2: 'False' — This is the accurate choice. The idea that Y0 becomes irrelevant once the unit is treated is a misconception; Y0 remains the counterfactual outcome that we would have observed had the unit not received treatment, which is essential for estimating causal effects.

Option 3: 'Don't Know' — This is not correct given standard causal inference reasoning. The counterfactual Y0 is a well-defined and foundational concept in potential outcomes, so one can reason about it even if the unit was treated. Choosing 'Don't Know' ignores the established framework and the role of counterfactuals in causal analysis.

位置7的问题 Regarding potential outcomes - if a unit receives the treatment, then it is no longer useful to consider what Y0 might be for that observation.TrueFalseDon't Know清除选择

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位置6的问题 Regarding potential outcomes - if a unit receives the treatment, we can only observe the unit's outcome Y1.TrueFalseDon't Know清除选择

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